Title 40
SECTION 90.203
90.203 General provisions.
§ 90.203 General provisions.(a) The certification averaging, banking, and trading provisions for HC + NOX and NMHC + NOX emissions from eligible engines are described in this subpart.
(b) An engine family may use the averaging, banking and trading provisions for HC + NOX and NMHC + NOX emissions if it is subject to regulation under this part with certain exceptions specified in paragraph (c) of this section. HC + NOX and NMHC + NOX credits shall be interchangeable subject to the limitations on credit generation, credit usage, and other provisions described in this subpart.
(c) A manufacturer shall not include in its calculation of credit generation and may exclude from its calculation of credit usage, any new engines:
(1) Which are intended to be exported, unless the manufacturer has reason or should have reason to believe that such engines have been or will be imported in a piece of equipment; or
(2) Which are subject to state engine emission standards pursuant to a waiver granted by EPA under section 209(e) of the Act, unless the manufacturer demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator that inclusion of these engines in averaging, banking and trading is appropriate.
(d) For an engine family using credits, a manufacturer may, at its option, include its entire production of that engine family in its calculation of credit usage for a given model year.
(e) (1) A manufacturer may certify engine families at Family Emission Limits (FELs) above or below the applicable emission standard subject to the limitation in paragraph (f) of this section, provided the summation of the manufacturer's projected balance of credits from all calculations and credit transactions for all engine classes in a given model year is greater than or equal to zero, as determined under § 90.207. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, a manufacturer may project a negative balance of credits as allowed under § 90.207(c)(2).
(2) A manufacturer of an engine family with an FEL exceeding the applicable emission standard must obtain positive emission credits sufficient to address the associated credit shortfall via averaging, banking, or trading.
(3) A nonhandheld engine family with an FEL below the applicable emission standard may generate positive emission credits for averaging, banking, or trading, or a combination thereof. A handheld engine family with an FEL below the applicable emission standard may generate positive emission credits for averaging or trading. A handheld engine family meeting the requirements of § 90.205(a)(4) or (5), whichever is applicable, may generate positive emission credits for banking.
(4) In the case of a Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) failure, credits may be used to cover subsequent production of engines for the family in question if the manufacturer elects to recertify to a higher FEL. Credits may not be used to remedy a nonconformity determined by an SEA, except that the Administrator may permit the use of credits to address a nonconformity determined by an SEA where the use of such credits is one component of a multi-part remedy for the previously produced engines and the remedy, including the use of credits and the quantity of credits being used, is such that the Administrator is satisfied that the manufacturer has strong and lasting incentive to accurately verify its new engine emission levels and will set or reset its FELs for current and future model years so that production line compliance is assured.
(5) In the case of a production line testing (PLT) failure pursuant to subpart H of this part, a manufacturer may revise the FEL based upon production line testing results obtained under subpart H of this part and upon Administrator approval pursuant to § 90.122(d). The manufacturer may use credits to cover both past production and subsequent production of the engines as needed as allowed under § 90.207(c)(1).
(f) No Phase 2 engine family may have a HC + NOX FEL that is greater than 32.2 g/kW-hr for Class I engines, 94 g/kW-hr for Class I-A engines, 50 g/kW-hr for Class I-B engines, 26.8 g/kW-hr for Class II engines, 336 g/kW-hr for Class III engines, 275 g/kW-hr for Class IV engines, or 186 g/kW-hr for Class V engines.
(g)(1) Credits generated in a given model year by an engine family subject to the Phase 2 emission requirements may only be used in averaging, banking or trading, as appropriate, for any other engine family for which the Phase 2 requirements are applicable. Credits generated in one model year may not be used for prior model years, except as allowed under § 90.207(c).
(2) For the 2005 model year and for each subsequent model year, manufacturers of Class II engines must provide a demonstration that the production weighted average FEL for HC + NOX (including NMHC + NOX FELs), for all of the manufacturer's Class II engines, will not exceed 13.6 g/kW-hr for the 2005 model year, 13.1 g/kW-hr for the 2006 model year and 12.6 g/kW-hr for the 2007 and each subsequent Phase 2 model year. Such demonstration shall be subject to the review and approval of the Administrator, shall be provided at the time of the first Class II certification of that model year and shall be based on projected eligible production for that model year.
(h) Manufacturers must demonstrate compliance under the averaging, banking, and trading provisions for a particular model year by 270 days after the end of the model year. Except as provided in § 90.207(c), an engine family generating negative credits for which the manufacturer does not obtain or generate an adequate number of positive credits by that date from the same or previous model year engines will violate the conditions of the certificate of conformity. The certificate of conformity may be voided ab initio pursuant to § 90.123 for this engine family.
[64 FR 15239, Mar. 30, 1999, as amended at 65 FR 24308, Apr. 25, 2000; 69 FR 1833, Jan. 12, 2004]