Title 40
SECTION 52.1396
52.1396 Federal implementation plan for regional haze.
§ 52.1396 Federal implementation plan for regional haze.(a) Applicability. This section applies to each owner and operator of the following coal-fired electric generating units (EGUs) in the State of Montana: PPL Montana, LLC, Colstrip Power Plant, Units 1, 2; and PPL Montana, LLC, JE Corette Steam Electric Station. This section also applies to each owner and operator of cement kilns at the following cement production plants: Ash Grove Cement, Montana City Plant; and Oldcastle Materials Cement Holdings, Inc., Trident Plant. This section also applies to each owner and operator of CFAC and M2 Green Redevelopment LLC, Missoula site.
Note to paragraph (a):On June 9, 2015, the NOX and SO2 emission limits for Colstrip Units 1 and 2 and Corette were vacated by court order.
(b) Definitions. Terms not defined below shall have the meaning given them in the Clean Air Act or EPA's regulations implementing the Clean Air Act. For purposes of this section:
Boiler operating day means a 24-hour period between 12 midnight and the following midnight during which any fuel is combusted at any time in the EGU. It is not necessary for fuel to be combusted for the entire 24-hour period.
Continuous emission monitoring system or CEMS means the equipment required by this section to sample, analyze, measure, and provide, by means of readings recorded at least once every 15 minutes (using an automated data acquisition and handling system (DAHS)), a permanent record of SO2 or NOX emissions, other pollutant emissions, diluent, or stack gas volumetric flow rate.
Kiln operating day means a 24-hour period between 12 midnight and the following midnight during which the kiln operates.
NOX means nitrogen oxides.
Owner/operator means any person who owns or who operates, controls, or supervises an EGU identified in paragraph (a) of this section.
PM means filterable total particulate matter.
SO2 means sulfur dioxide.
Unit means any of the EGUs or cement kilns identified in paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) Emissions limitations. (1) The owners/operators of EGUs subject to this section shall not emit or cause to be emitted PM, SO2 or NOX in excess of the following limitations, in pounds per million British thermal units (lb/MMBtu), averaged over a rolling 30-day period for SO2 and NOX:
| Source name | PM emission limit (lb/MMBtu) |
SO2 emission limit (lb/MMBtu) |
NOX emission limit (lb/MMBtu) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colstrip Unit 1 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.15 |
| Colstrip Unit 2 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.15 |
| JE Corette Unit 1 | 0.26 | 0.57 | 0.35 |
(2) The owners/operators of cement kilns subject to this section shall not emit or cause to be emitted PM, SO2 or NOX in excess of the following limitations, in pounds per ton of clinker produced, averaged over a rolling 30-day period for SO2 and NOX:
| Source name | PM emission limit | SO2 emission limit (lb/ton clinker) |
NOX emission limit (lb/ton clinker) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ash Grove, Montana City | If the process weight rate of the kiln is less than or equal to 30 tons per hour, then the emission limit shall be calculated using E = 4.10p 0.67 where E = rate of emission in pounds per hour and p = process weight rate in tons per hour; however, if the process weight rate of the kiln is greater than 30 tons per hour, then the emission limit shall be calculated using E = 55.0p 0.11−40, where E = rate of emission in pounds per hour and P = process weight rate in tons per hour. | 11.5 | 8.0 |
| Oldcastle, Trident | 0.77 lb/ton clinker | 1.3 | 7.6 |
(3) [Reserved]
(4) These emission limitations shall apply at all times, including startups, shutdowns, emergencies, and malfunctions.
(d) Compliance date. The owners and operators of the BART sources subject to this section shall comply with the emission limitations and other requirements of this section as follows, unless otherwise indicated in specific paragraphs: Compliance with PM emission limits is required by November 17, 2012. Compliance with SO2 and NOX emission limits is required by April 16, 2013, unless installation of additional emission controls is necessary to comply with emission limitations under this rule, in which case compliance is required by October 18, 2017.
Note to paragraph (d):On June 9, 2015, the NOX and SO2 emission limits, and thereby compliance dates, for Colstrip Units 1 and 2 and Corette were vacated by court order.
(e) Compliance determinations for SO2 and NOX - (1) CEMS for EGUs. At all times after the compliance date specified in paragraph (d) of this section, the owner/operator of each unit shall maintain, calibrate, and operate a CEMS, in full compliance with the requirements found at 40 CFR part 75, to accurately measure SO2, NOX, diluent, and stack gas volumetric flow rate from each unit. The CEMS shall be used by the owner/operator to determine compliance with the emission limitations in paragraph (c) of this section for each unit.
(2) Method for EGUs. (i) For any hour in which fuel is combusted in a unit, the owner/operator of each unit shall calculate the hourly average SO2 and NOX concentration in lb/MMBtu at the CEMS in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR part 75. At the end of each boiler operating day, the owner/operator shall calculate and record a new 30-day rolling average emission rate in lb/MMBtu from the arithmetic average of all valid hourly emission rates from the CEMS for the current boiler operating day and the previous 29 successive boiler operating days.
(ii) An hourly average SO2 or NOX emission rate in lb/MMBtu is valid only if the minimum number of data points, as specified in 40 CFR part 75, is acquired by the owner/operator for both the pollutant concentration monitor (SO2 or NOX) and the diluent monitor (O2 or CO2).
(iii) Data reported by the owner/operator to meet the requirements of this section shall not include data substituted using the missing data substitution procedures of subpart D of 40 CFR part 75, nor shall the data have been bias adjusted according to the procedures of 40 CFR part 75.
(3) CEMS for cement kilns. At all times after the compliance date specified in paragraph (d) of this section, the owner/operator of each unit shall maintain, calibrate, and operate a CEMS, in full compliance with the requirements found at 40 CFR 60.63(f) and (g), to accurately measure concentration by volume of SO2 and NOX emissions into the atmosphere from each unit. The CEMS shall be used by the owner/operator to determine compliance with the emission limitations in paragraph (c) of this section for each unit, in combination with data on actual clinker production. The owner/operator must operate the monitoring system and collect data at all required intervals at all times the affected unit is operating, except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments).
(4) Method for cement kilns. (i) The owner/operator of each unit shall record the daily clinker production rates.
(ii) The owner/operator of each unit shall calculate and record the 30-operating day rolling emission rates of SO2 and NOX, in lb/ton of clinker produced, as the total of all hourly emissions data for the cement kiln in the preceding 30 days, divided by the total tons of clinker produced in that kiln during the same 30-day operating period, using the following equation:
Where: ED
= 30 kiln operating day average emission rate of NOX or SO2, lb/ton
of clinker; Ci = Concentration of NOX or SO2 for hour i, ppm; Qi =
volumetric flow rate of effluent gas for hour i, where Ci and Qi
are on the same basis (either wet or dry), scf/hr; Pi = total kiln
clinker produced during production hour i, ton/hr; k = conversion
factor, 1.194 × 10−7 for NOX and 1.660 × 10−7 for SO2; and n =
number of kiln operating hours over 30 kiln operating days, n = 1
to 720.
For each kiln operating hour for which the owner/operator does not have at least one valid 15-minute CEMS data value, the owner/operator must use the average emissions rate (lb/hr) from the most recent previous hour for which valid data are available. Hourly clinker production shall be determined by the owner/operator in accordance with the requirements found at 40 CFR 60.63(b).
(iii) At the end of each kiln operating day, the owner/operator of each unit shall calculate and record a new 30-day rolling average emission rate in lb/ton clinker from the arithmetic average of all valid hourly emission rates for the current kiln operating day and the previous 29 successive kiln operating days.
(f) Compliance determinations for particulate matter - (1) EGU particulate matter BART emission limits. Compliance with the particulate matter BART emission limits for each EGU BART unit shall be determined by the owner/operator from annual performance stack tests. Within 60 days of the compliance deadline specified in paragraph (d) of this section, and on at least an annual basis thereafter, the owner/operator of each unit shall conduct a stack test on each unit to measure the particulate emissions using EPA Method 5, 5B, 5D, or 17, as appropriate, in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. A test shall consist of three runs, with each run at least 120 minutes in duration and each run collecting a minimum sample of 60 dry standard cubic feet. Results shall be reported by the owner/operator in lb/MMBtu. The results from a stack test meeting the requirements of this paragraph (f)(1) that was completed within 12 months prior to the compliance deadline can be used in lieu of the first stack test required. If this option is chosen, then the next annual stack test shall be due no more than 12 months after the stack test that was used. In addition to annual stack tests, owner/operator shall monitor particulate emissions for compliance with the BART emission limits in accordance with the applicable Compliance Assurance Monitoring (CAM) plan developed and approved in accordance with 40 CFR part 64.
(2) Cement kiln particulate matter BART emission limits. Compliance with the particulate matter BART emission limits for each cement kiln shall be determined by the owner/operator from annual performance stack tests. Within 60 days of the compliance deadline specified in paragraph (d) of this section, and on at least an annual basis thereafter, the owner/operator of each unit shall conduct a stack test on each unit to measure particulate matter emissions using EPA Method 5, 5B, 5D, or 17, as appropriate, in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. A test shall consist of three runs, with each run at least 120 minutes in duration and each run collecting a minimum sample of 60 dry standard cubic feet. The average of the results of three test runs shall be used by the owner/operator for demonstrating compliance. The results from a stack test meeting the requirements of this paragraph (f)(2) that was completed within 12 months prior to the compliance deadline can be used in lieu of the first stack test required. If this option is chosen, then the next annual stack test shall be due no more than 12 months after the stack test that was used. Clinker production shall be determined in accordance with the requirements found at 40 CFR 60.63(b). Results of each test shall be reported by the owner/operator as the average of three valid test runs. In addition to annual stack tests, owner/operator shall monitor particulate emissions for compliance with the BART emission limits in accordance with the applicable Compliance Assurance Monitoring (CAM) plan developed and approved in accordance with 40 CFR part 64.
(i) For Ash Grove Cement, the emission rate of particulate matter shall be computed by the owner/operator for each run in pounds per hour (lb/hr).
(ii) For Trident, the emission rate (E) of particulate matter shall be computed by the owner/operator for each run in lb/ton clinker, using the following equation:
E = (CsQs)/PK Where: E = emission rate of PM, lb/ton of clinker produced; Cs = concentration of PM in grains per standard cubic foot (gr/scf); Qs = volumetric flow rate of effluent gas, where Cs and Qs are on the same basis (either wet or dry), scf/hr; P = total kiln clinker production, tons/hr; and K = conversion factor, 7,000 gr/lb.(g) Recordkeeping for EGUs. The owner/operator shall maintain the following records for at least five years:
(1) All CEMS data, including the date, place, and time of sampling or measurement; parameters sampled or measured; and results.
(2) Records of quality assurance and quality control activities for emissions measuring systems including, but not limited to, any records required by 40 CFR Part 75.
(3) Records of all major maintenance activities conducted on emission units, air pollution control equipment, and CEMS.
(4) Any other records required by 40 CFR part 75.
(5) All particulate matter stack test results.
(h) Recordkeeping for cement kilns. The owner/operator shall maintain the following records for at least five years:
(1) All CEMS data, including the date, place, and time of sampling or measurement; parameters sampled or measured; and results.
(2) All particulate matter stack test results.
(3) All records of clinker production.
(4) Records of quality assurance and quality control activities for emissions measuring systems including, but not limited to, any records required by 40 CFR part 60, appendix F, Procedure 1.
(5) Records of all major maintenance activities conducted on emission units, air pollution control equipment, CEMS and clinker production measurement devices.
(6) Any other records required by 40 CFR part 60, Subpart F, or 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1.
(i) Reporting. All reports under this section, with the exception of 40 CFR 52.1396(n) and (o), shall be submitted by the owner/operator to the Director, Office of Enforcement, Compliance and Environmental Justice, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Mail Code 8ENF-AT, 1595 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado 80202-1129.
(1) The owner/operator of each unit shall submit excess emissions reports for SO2 and NOX BART limits. Reports shall be submitted quarterly by the owner/operator for EGUs and semiannually for cement kilns, no later than the 30th day following the end of each calendar quarter or semiannual period, respectively. Excess emissions means emissions that exceed the emissions limits specified in paragraph (c) of this section. The reports shall include the magnitude, date(s), and duration of each period of excess emissions, specific identification of each period of excess emissions that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the unit, the nature and cause of any malfunction (if known), and the corrective action taken or preventative measures adopted.
(2) The owner/operator of each unit shall submit CEMS performance reports, to include dates and duration of each period during which the CEMS was inoperative (except for zero and span adjustments and calibration checks), reason(s) why the CEMS was inoperative and steps taken to prevent recurrence, and any CEMS repairs or adjustments. The owner/operator shall submit reports quarterly for EGUs and semiannually for cement kilns.
(i) For EGUs: The owner/operator of each unit shall also submit results of any CEMS performance tests required by 40 CFR part 75 (Relative Accuracy Test Audits, Relative Accuracy Audits, and Cylinder Gas Audits).
(ii) For cement kilns: Owner/operator of each unit shall also submit results of any CEMS performance tests required by 40 CFR part 60, appendix F, Procedure 1 (Relative Accuracy Test Audits, Relative Accuracy Audits, and Cylinder Gas Audits).
(3) When no excess emissions have occurred or the CEMS has not been inoperative, repaired, or adjusted during the reporting period, the owner/operator shall state such information in the quarterly reports required by sections (h)(1) and (2) of this section.
(4) The owner/operator of each unit shall submit results of any particulate matter stack tests conducted for demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter BART limits in paragraph (c) of this section within 60 days after the completion of the test.
(5) The owner/operator of each unit shall submit semi-annual reports of any excursions under the approved CAM plan in accordance with the schedule specified in the source's title V permit.
(j)-(k) [Reserved]
(l) Notifications. (1) The owner/operator shall submit notification of commencement of construction of any equipment which is being constructed to comply with the SO2 or NOX emission limits in paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) The owner/operator shall submit semi-annual progress reports on construction of any such equipment.
(3) The owner/operator shall submit notification of initial startup of any such equipment.
(m) Equipment operation. At all times, the owner/operator shall maintain each unit, including associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions.
(n) Credible evidence. Nothing in this section shall preclude the use, including the exclusive use, of any credible evidence or information, relevant to whether a source would have been in compliance with requirements of this section if the appropriate performance or compliance test procedures or method had been performed.
(o) CFAC notification. CFAC shall notify EPA 60 days in advance of resuming operation. CFAC shall submit such notice to the Director, Air Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Mail Code 8P-AR, 1595 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado 80202-1129. Once CFAC notifies EPA that it intends to resume operation, EPA will initiate and complete a BART determination after notification and revise the FIP as necessary in accordance with regional haze requirements, including the BART provisions in 40 CFR 51.308(e). CFAC will be required to install any controls that are required as soon as practicable, but in no case later than five years following the effective date of this rule.
(p) M2Green Redevelopment LLC notification. M2Green Redevelopment LLC shall notify EPA 60 days in advance of resuming operation. M2Green Redevelopment LLC shall submit such notice to the Director, Air Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Mail Code 8P-AR, 1595 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado 80202-1129. Once M2 Green Redevelopment LLC notifies EPA that it intends to resume operation, EPA will initiate and complete a four factor analysis after notification and revise the FIP as necessary in accordance with regional haze requirements including the “reasonable progress” provisions in 40 CFR 51.308(d)(1). M2 Green Redevelopment LLC will be required to install any controls that are required as soon as practicable, but in no case later than July 31, 2018.
[77 FR 57915, Sept. 18, 2012, as amended at 82 FR 42745, Sept. 12, 2017]