Title 40

SECTION 1048.505

1048.505 How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including ramped-modal testing

§ 1048.505 How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including ramped-modal testing?

This section describes how to test engines under steady-state conditions. In some cases, we allow you to choose the appropriate steady-state duty cycle for an engine; you may also choose between discrete-mode and ramped-modal testing. In all cases, you must use the duty cycle you select in your application for certification for all testing you perform for that engine family. If we test your engines to confirm that they meet emission standards, we will use the duty cycles you select for your own testing. If you submit certification test data using more than one duty cycle, any of the selected duty cycles may be used for any subsequent testing. We may also perform other testing as allowed by the Clean Air Act.

(a) You may perform steady-state testing with either discrete-mode or ramped-modal cycles described in 40 CFR Part 1065.

(b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with one or more of the following sets of duty cycles to determine whether it meets the steady-state emission standards in § 1048.101(b):

(1) For engines from an engine family that will be used only in variable-speed applications, use one of the following duty cycles:

(i) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

Table 1 of § 1048.505

C2 mode No. Engine speed 1 Torque
(percent) 2
Weighting
factors
1 Maximum test speed 25 0.06
2 Intermediate test 100 0.02
3 Intermediate test 75 0.05
4 Intermediate test 50 0.32
5 Intermediate test 25 0.30
6 Intermediate test 10 0.10
7 Warm idle 0 0.15

1 Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.

2 The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at the given engine speed.

(ii) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

Table 2 of § 1048.505

RMC mode Time in mode
(seconds)
Engine speed 1 2 Torque
(percent) 2 3
1a Steady-state 119 Warm idle 0
1b Transition 20 Linear transition Linear transition.
2a Steady-state 29 Intermediate speed 100
2b Transition 20 Intermediate speed Linear transition.
3a Steady-state 150 Intermediate speed 10
3b Transition 20 Intermediate speed Linear transition.
4a Steady-state 80 Intermediate speed 75
4b Transition 20 Intermediate speed Linear transition.
5a Steady-state 513 Intermediate speed 25
5b Transition 20 Intermediate speed Linear transition.
6a Steady-state 549 Intermediate speed 50
6b Transition 20 Linear transition Linear transition.
7a Steady-state 96 Maximum test speed 25
7b Transition 20 Linear transition Linear transition.
8 Steady-state 124 Warm idle 0

1 Speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.

2 Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.

3 The percent torque is relative to maximum torque at the commanded engine speed.

(2) For engines from an engine family that will be used only at a single, rated speed, use the 5-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in 40 CFR part 1039, Appendix II, paragraph (a).

(3) Use a duty cycle from both paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section if you will not restrict an engine family to constant-speed or variable-speed applications.

(4) Use a duty cycle specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section for all severe-duty engines.

(5) For high-load engines, use one of the following duty cycles:

(i) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

Table 3 of § 1048.505

Mode No. Engine
speed
Torque
(percent) 1
Minimum time in mode (minutes) Weighting factors
1 Maximum test speed 100 3.0 0.50
2 Maximum test speed 75 3.0 0.50

1 The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at maximum test speed.

(ii) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:

Table 4 of § 1048.505

RMC modes Time in mode
(seconds)
Engine speed
(percent)
Torque
(percent) 1 2
1a Steady-state 290 Engine governed 100
1b Transition 20 Engine governed Linear transition.
2 Steady-state 290 Engine governed 75

1 The percent torque is relative to maximum test torque.

2 Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.

(c) For full-load operating modes, operate the engine at wide-open throttle.

[73 FR 59239, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010;79 FR 23751. Apr. 28, 2014]