Appendix M to Part 141 - Combined Private Pilot Certification and Instrument Rating Course
14:3.0.1.2.16.8.3.1.57 : Appendix M
Appendix M to Part 141 - Combined Private Pilot Certification and
Instrument Rating Course
1. Applicability. This appendix prescribes the minimum
curriculum for a combined private pilot certification and
instrument rating course required under this part, for the
following ratings:
(a) Airplane.
(1) Airplane single-engine.
(2) Airplane multiengine.
(b) Rotorcraft helicopter.
(c) Powered-lift.
2. Eligibility for enrollment. A person must hold a sport
pilot, recreational, or student pilot certificate prior to
enrolling in the flight portion of a combined private pilot
certification and instrument rating course.
3. Aeronautical knowledge training.
(a) Each approved course must include at least 65 hours of
ground training on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in
paragraph (b) of this section that are appropriate to the aircraft
category and class rating of the course:
(b) Ground training must include the following aeronautical
knowledge areas:
(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations for private pilot
privileges, limitations, flight operations, and instrument flight
rules (IFR) flight operations.
(2) Accident reporting requirements of the National
Transportation Safety Board.
(3) Applicable subjects of the “Aeronautical Information Manual”
and the appropriate FAA advisory circulars.
(4) Aeronautical charts for visual flight rules (VFR) navigation
using pilotage, dead reckoning, and navigation systems.
(5) Radio communication procedures.
(6) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground
and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of
aeronautical weather reports and forecasts.
(7) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft under instrument
flight rules and conditions.
(8) Collision avoidance and recognition and avoidance of wake
turbulence.
(9) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb
performance.
(10) Weight and balance computations.
(11) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft
systems.
(12) If the course of training is for an airplane category,
stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery
techniques.
(13) Air traffic control system and procedures for instrument
flight operations.
(14) IFR navigation and approaches by use of navigation
systems.
(15) Use of IFR en route and instrument approach procedure
charts.
(16) Aeronautical decision making and judgment.
(17) Preflight action that includes -
(i) How to obtain information on runway lengths at airports of
intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather
reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements.
(ii) How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot
be completed or delays are encountered.
(iii) Procurement and use of aviation weather reports and
forecasts, and the elements of forecasting weather trends on the
basis of that information and personal observation of weather
conditions.
4. Flight training.
(a) Each approved course must include at least 70 hours of
training, as described in section 4 and section 5 of this appendix,
on the approved areas of operation listed in paragraph (d) of
section 4 of this appendix that are appropriate to the aircraft
category and class rating of the course:
(b) Each approved course must include at least the following
flight training:
(1) For an airplane single engine course: 70 hours of
flight training from an authorized instructor on the approved areas
of operation in paragraph (d)(1) of this section that includes at
least -
(i) Except as provided in § 61.111 of this chapter, 3 hours of
cross-country flight training in a single engine airplane.
(ii) 3 hours of night flight training in a single-engine
airplane that includes -
(A) One cross-country flight of more than 100 nautical miles
total distance.
(B) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport.
(iii) 35 hours of instrument flight training in a single-engine
airplane that includes at least one cross-country flight that is
performed under IFR and -
(A) Is a distance of at least 250 nautical miles along airways
or air traffic control-directed (ATC-directed) routing with one
segment of the flight consisting of at least a straight-line
distance of 100 nautical miles between airports.
(B) Involves an instrument approach at each airport.
(C) Involves three different kinds of approaches with the use of
navigation systems.
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane in
preparation for the practical test within 60 days preceding the
date of the test.
(2) For an airplane multiengine course: 70 hours of
training from an authorized instructor on the approved areas of
operation in paragraph (d)(2) of this section that includes at
least -
(i) Except as provided in § 61.111 of this chapter, 3 hours of
cross-country flight training in a multiengine airplane.
(ii) 3 hours of night flight training in a multiengine airplane
that includes -
(A) One cross-country flight of more than 100 nautical miles
total distance.
(B) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport.
(iii) 35 hours of instrument flight training in a multiengine
airplane that includes at least one cross-country flight that is
performed under IFR and -
(A) Is a distance of at least 250 nautical miles along airways
or ATC-directed routing with one segment of the flight consisting
of at least a straight-line distance of 100 nautical miles between
airports.
(B) Involves an instrument approach at each airport.
(C) Involves three different kinds of approaches with the use of
navigation systems.
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane in
preparation for the practical test within 60 days preceding the
date of the test.
(3) For a rotorcraft helicopter course: 70 hours of
training from an authorized instructor on the approved areas of
operation in paragraph (d)(3) of this section that includes at
least -
(i) Except as provided in § 61.111 of this chapter, 3 hours of
cross-country flight training in a helicopter.
(ii) 3 hours of night flight training in a helicopter that
includes -
(A) One cross-country flight of more than 50 nautical miles
total distance.
(B) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport.
(iii) 35 hours of instrument flight training in a helicopter
that includes at least one cross-country flight that is performed
under IFR and -
(A) Is a distance of at least 100 nautical miles along airways
or ATC-directed routing with one segment of the flight consisting
of at least a straight-line distance of 50 nautical miles between
airports.
(B) Involves an instrument approach at each airport.
(C) Involves three different kinds of approaches with the use of
navigation systems.
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter in preparation
for the practical test within 60 days preceding the date of the
test.
(4) For a powered-lift course: 70 hours of training from
an authorized instructor on the approved areas of operation in
paragraph (d)(4) of this section that includes at least -
(i) Except as provided in § 61.111 of this chapter, 3 hours of
cross-country flight training in a powered-lift.
(ii) 3 hours of night flight training in a powered-lift that
includes -
(A) One cross-country flight of more than 100 nautical miles
total distance.
(B) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an
airport.
(iii) 35 hours of instrument flight training in a powered-lift
that includes at least one cross-country flight that is performed
under IFR and -
(A) Is a distance of at least 250 nautical miles along airways
or ATC-directed routing with one segment of the flight consisting
of at least a straight-line distance of 100 nautical miles between
airports.
(B) Involves an instrument approach at each airport.
(C) Involves three different kinds of approaches with the use of
navigation systems.
(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift in preparation
for the practical test, within 60 days preceding the date of the
test.
(c) For use of full flight simulators or flight training
devices:
(1) The course may include training in a combination of full
flight simulators, flight training devices, and aviation training
devices, provided it is representative of the aircraft for which
the course is approved, meets the requirements of this section, and
the training is given by an authorized instructor.
(2) Training in a full flight simulator that meets the
requirements of § 141.41(a) may be credited for a maximum of 35
percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the
approved course, or of this section, whichever is less.
(3) Training in a flight training device that meets the
requirements of § 141.41(a) or an aviation training device that
meets the requirements of § 141.41(b) may be credited for a maximum
of 25 percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the
approved course, or of this section, whichever is less.
(4) Training in a combination of flight simulators, flight
training devices, or aviation training devices, described in
paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) of this section, may be credited for a
maximum of 35 percent of the total flight training hour
requirements of the approved course, or of this section, whichever
is less. However, credit for training in a flight training device
and aviation training device, that meets the requirements of §
141.41(b), cannot exceed the limitation provided for in paragraph
(c)(3) of this section.
(d) Each approved course must include the flight training on the
approved areas of operation listed in this section that are
appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating course -
(1) For a combined private pilot certification and instrument
rating course involving a single-engine airplane:
(i) Preflight preparation.
(ii) Preflight procedures.
(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations.
(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds.
(v) Performance maneuvers.
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers.
(vii) Navigation and navigation systems.
(viii) Slow flight and stalls.
(ix) Basic instrument maneuvers and flight by reference to
instruments.
(x) Instrument approach procedures.
(xi) Air traffic control clearances and procedures.
(xii) Emergency operations.
(xiii) Night operations.
(xiv) Postflight procedures.
(2) For a combined private pilot certification and instrument
rating course involving a multiengine airplane:
(i) Preflight preparation.
(ii) Preflight procedures.
(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations.
(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds.
(v) Performance maneuvers.
(vi) Ground reference maneuvers.
(vii) Navigation and navigation systems.
(viii) Slow flight and stalls.
(ix) Basic instrument maneuvers and flight by reference to
instruments.
(x) Instrument approach procedures.
(xi) Air traffic control clearances and procedures.
(xii) Emergency operations.
(xiii) Multiengine operations.
(xiv) Night operations.
(xv) Postflight procedures.
(3) For a combined private pilot certification and instrument
rating course involving a rotorcraft helicopter:
(i) Preflight preparation.
(ii) Preflight procedures.
(iii) Airport and heliport operations.
(iv) Hovering maneuvers.
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds.
(vi) Performance maneuvers.
(vii) Navigation and navigation systems.
(viii) Basic instrument maneuvers and flight by reference to
instruments.
(ix) Instrument approach procedures.
(x) Air traffic control clearances and procedures.
(xi) Emergency operations.
(xii) Night operations.
(xiii) Postflight procedures.
(4) For a combined private pilot certification and instrument
rating course involving a powered-lift:
(i) Preflight preparation.
(ii) Preflight procedures.
(iii) Airport and heliport operations.
(iv) Hovering maneuvers.
(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds.
(vi) Performance maneuvers.
(vii) Ground reference maneuvers.
(viii) Navigation and navigation systems.
(ix) Slow flight and stalls.
(x) Basic instrument maneuvers and flight by reference to
instruments.
(xi) Instrument approach procedures.
(xii) Air traffic control clearances and procedures.
(xiii) Emergency operations.
(xiv) Night operations.
(xv) Postflight procedures.
5. Solo flight training. Each approved course must
include at least the following solo flight training:
(a) For a combined private pilot certification and instrument
rating course involving an airplane single engine: Five hours
of flying solo in a single-engine airplane on the appropriate areas
of operation in paragraph (d)(1) of section 4 of this appendix that
includes at least -
(1) One solo cross-country flight of at least 100 nautical miles
with landings at a minimum of three points, and one segment of the
flight consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations.
(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.
(b) For a combined private pilot certification and instrument
rating course involving an airplane multiengine: Five hours of
flying solo in a multiengine airplane or 5 hours of performing the
duties of a pilot in command while under the supervision of an
authorized instructor. The training must consist of the appropriate
areas of operation in paragraph (d)(2) of section 4 of this
appendix, and include at least -
(1) One cross-country flight of at least 100 nautical miles with
landings at a minimum of three points, and one segment of the
flight consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations.
(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.
(c) For a combined private pilot certification and instrument
rating course involving a helicopter: Five hours of flying solo
in a helicopter on the appropriate areas of operation in paragraph
(d)(3) of section 4 of this appendix that includes at least -
(1) One solo cross-country flight of more than 50 nautical miles
with landings at a minimum of three points, and one segment of the
flight consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 25
nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations.
(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.
(d) For a combined private pilot certification and instrument
rating course involving a powered-lift: Five hours of flying
solo in a powered-lift on the appropriate areas of operation in
paragraph (d)(4) of section 4 of this appendix that includes at
least -
(1) One solo cross-country flight of at least 100 nautical miles
with landings at a minimum of three points, and one segment of the
flight consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50
nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations.
(2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each
landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport
with an operating control tower.
6. Stage checks and end-of-course tests.
(a) Each student enrolled in a private pilot course must
satisfactorily accomplish the stage checks and end-of-course tests
in accordance with the school's approved training course that
consists of the approved areas of operation listed in paragraph (d)
of section 4 of this appendix that are appropriate to the aircraft
category and class rating for which the course applies.
(b) Each student must demonstrate satisfactory proficiency prior
to receiving an endorsement to operate an aircraft in solo
flight.
[Doc. No. FAA-2008-0938, 76 FR 54108, Aug. 31, 2011, as amended by
Docket FAA-2015-1846, Amdt. 141-18, 81 FR 21462, Apr. 12, 2016]