Appendix D to Subpart B of Part 430 - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Clothes Dryers
10:3.0.1.4.18.2.13.6.10 : Appendix D
Appendix D to Subpart B of Part 430 - Uniform Test Method for
Measuring the Energy Consumption of Clothes Dryers Note:
Effective February 10, 2014, manufacturers must make
representations of energy efficiency, including certifications of
compliance, using appendix D. Compliance with DOE's amended
standards for clothes dryers, and corresponding use of the test
procedures at appendix D1 for all representations, including
certifications of compliance, is required as of January 1, 2015.
Manufacturers must use a single appendix for all representations,
including certifications of compliance, and may not use appendix D
for certain representations and appendix D1 for other
representations. The procedures in appendix D2 need not be
performed to determine compliance with energy conservation
standards for clothes dryers at this time. However, manufacturers
may elect to use the amended appendix D, D1 or D2 early.
1. Definitions
1.1 “AHAM” means the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers.
1.2 “Bone dry” means a condition of a load of test clothes which
has been dried in a dryer at maximum temperature for a minimum of
10 minutes, removed and weighed before cool down, and then dried
again for 10-minute periods until the final weight change of the
load is 1 percent or less.
1.3 “Compact” or compact size” means a clothes dryer with a drum
capacity of less than 4.4 cubic feet.
1.4 “Cool down” means that portion of the clothes drying cycle
when the added gas or electric heat is terminated and the clothes
continue to tumble and dry within the drum.
1.5 “Cycle” means a sequence of operation of a clothes dryer
which performs a clothes drying operation, and may include
variations or combinations of the functions of heating, tumbling
and drying.
1.6 “Drum capacity” means the volume of the drying drum in cubic
feet.
1.7 “HLD-1” means the test standard promulgated by AHAM and
titled “AHAM Performance Evaluation Procedure for Household Tumble
Type Clothes Dryers”, June 1974, and designated as HLD-1.
1.8 “HLD-2EC” means the test standard promulgated by AHAM and
titled “Test Method for Measuring Energy Consumption of Household
Tumble Type Clothes Dryers,” December 1975, and designated as
HLD-2EC.
1.9 “Standard size” means a clothes dryer with a drum capacity
of 4.4 cubic feet or greater.
1.10 “Moisture content” means the ratio of the weight of water
contained by the test load to the bone-dry weight of the test load,
expressed as a percent.
1.11 “Automatic termination control” means a dryer control
system with a sensor which monitors either the dryer load
temperature or its moisture content and with a controller which
automatically terminates the drying process. A mark or detent which
indicates a preferred automatic termination control setting must be
present if the dryer is to be classified as having an “automatic
termination control.” A mark is a visible single control setting on
one or more dryer controls.
1.12 “Temperature sensing control” means a system which monitors
dryer exhaust air temperature and automatically terminates the
dryer cycle.
1.13 “Moisture sensing control” means a system which utilizes a
moisture sensing element within the dryer drum that monitors the
amount of moisture in the clothes and automatically terminates the
dryer cycle.
2. Testing Conditions
2.1 Installation. Install the clothes dryer in accordance
with manufacturer's instructions as shipped with the unit. If the
manufacturer's instructions do not specify the installation
requirements for a certain component, it shall be tested in the
as-shipped condition. The dryer exhaust shall be restricted by
adding the AHAM exhaust simulator described in 3.3.5 of HLD-1. All
external joints should be taped to avoid air leakage. Disconnect
all lights, such as task lights, that do not provide any
information related to the drying process on the clothes dryer and
that do not consume more than 10 watts during the clothes dryer
test cycle. Control setting indicator lights showing the cycle
progression, temperature or dryness settings, or other cycle
functions that cannot be turned off during the test cycle shall not
be disconnected during the active mode test cycle.
2.2 Ambient temperature and humidity. Maintain the room
ambient air temperature at 75 ±3 °F and the room relative humidity
at 50±10 percent relative humidity.
2.3 Energy supply.
2.3.1 Electrical supply. Maintain the electrical supply
at the clothes dryer terminal block within 1 percent of 120/240 or
120/208Y or 120 volts as applicable to the particular terminal
block wiring system and within 1 percent of the nameplate frequency
as specified by the manufacturer. If the dryer has a dual voltage
conversion capability, conduct test at the highest voltage
specified by the manufacturer.
2.3.2 Gas supply.
2.3.2.1 Natural gas. Maintain the gas supply to the
clothes dryer at a normal inlet test pressure immediately ahead of
all controls at 7 to 10 inches of water column. If the clothes
dryer is equipped with a gas appliance pressure regulator, the
regulator outlet pressure at the normal test pressure shall be
within ±10 percent of the value recommended by the manufacturer in
the installation manual, on the nameplate sticker, or wherever the
manufacturer makes such a recommendation for the basic model. The
hourly Btu rating of the burner shall be maintained within ±5
percent of the rating specified by the manufacturer. If the
requirement to maintain the hourly Btu rating of the burner within
±5 percent of the rating specified by the manufacturer cannot be
achieved under the allowable range in gas inlet test pressure, the
orifice of the gas burner should be modified as necessary to
achieve the required Btu rating. The natural gas supplied should
have a heating value of approximately 1,025 Btus per standard cubic
foot. The actual heating value, Hn2, in Btus per standard cubic
foot, for the natural gas to be used in the test shall be obtained
either from measurements made by the manufacturer conducting the
test using a standard continuous flow calorimeter as described in
section 2.4.6 or by the purchase of bottled natural gas whose Btu
rating is certified to be at least as accurate a rating as could be
obtained from measurements with a standard continuous flow
calorimeter as described in section 2.4.6.
2.3.2.2 Propane gas. Maintain the gas supply to the
clothes dryer at a normal inlet test pressure immediately ahead of
all controls at 11 to 13 inches of water column. If the clothes
dryer is equipped with a gas appliance pressure regulator, the
regulator outlet pressure at the normal test pressure shall be
within ±10 percent of the value recommended by the manufacturer in
the installation manual, on the nameplate sticker, or wherever the
manufacturer makes such a recommendation for the basic model. The
hourly Btu rating of the burner shall be maintained within ±5
percent of the rating specified by the manufacturer. If the
requirement to maintain the hourly Btu rating of the burner within
±5 percent of the rating specified by the manufacturer cannot be
achieved under the allowable range in gas inlet test pressure, the
orifice of the gas burner should be modified as necessary to
achieve the required Btu rating. The propane gas supplied should
have a heating value of approximately 2,500 Btus per standard cubic
foot. The actual heating value, Hp, in Btus per standard cubic
foot, for the propane gas to be used in the test shall be obtained
either from measurements made by the manufacturer conducting the
test using a standard continuous flow calorimeter as described in
section 2.4.6 or by the purchase of bottled gas whose Btu rating is
certified to be at least as accurate a rating as could be obtained
from measurement with a standard continuous calorimeter as
described in section 2.4.6.
2.4 Instrumentation. Perform all test measurements using
the following instruments as appropriate.
2.4.1 Weighing scale for test cloth. The scale shall have
a range of 0 to a maximum of 60 pounds with a resolution of at
least 0.2 ounces and a maximum error no greater than 0.3 percent of
any measured value within the range of 3 to 15 pounds.
2.4.1.2 Weighing scale for drum capacity measurements.
The scale should have a range of 0 to a maximum of 600 pounds with
resolution of 0.50 pounds and a maximum error no greater than 0.5
percent of the measured value.
2.4.2 Kilowatt-hour meter. The kilowatt-hour meter shall
have a resolution of 0.001 kilowatt-hours and a maximum error no
greater than 0.5 percent of the measured value.
2.4.3 Gas meter. The gas meter shall have a resolution of
0.001 cubic feet and a maximum error no greater than 0.5 percent of
the measured value.
2.4.4 Dry and wet bulb psychrometer. The dry and wet bulb
psychrometer shall have an error no greater than ±1 °F. A relative
humidity meter with a maximum error tolerance expressed in °F
equivalent to the requirements for the dry and wet bulb
psychrometer or with a maximum error tolerance of ±2 percent
relative humidity would be acceptable for measuring the ambient
humidity.
2.4.5 Temperature. The temperature sensor shall have an
error no greater than ±1 °F.
2.4.6 Standard Continuous Flow Calorimeter. The
Calorimeter shall have an operating range of 750 to 3,500 Btu per
cubic feet. The maximum error of the basic calorimeter shall be no
greater than 0.2 percent of the actual heating value of the gas
used in the test. The indicator readout shall have a maximum error
no greater than 0.5 percent of the measured value within the
operating range and a resolution of 0.2 percent of the full scale
reading of the indicator instrument.
2.5 Lint trap. Clean the lint trap thoroughly before each
test run.
2.6 Test cloths.
2.6.1 Energy test cloth. The energy test cloth shall be
clean and consist of the following:
(a) Pure finished bleached cloth, made with a momie or granite
weave, which is a blended fabric of 50 percent cotton and 50
percent polyester and weighs within + 10 percent of 5.75 ounces per
square yard after test cloth preconditioning and has 65 ends on the
warp and 57 picks on the fill. The individual warp and fill yarns
are a blend of 50 percent cotton and 50 percent polyester
fibers.
(b) Cloth material that is 24 inches by 36 inches and has been
hemmed to 22 inches by 34 inches before washing. The maximum
shrinkage after five washes shall not be more than four percent on
the length and width.
(c) The number of test runs on the same energy test cloth shall
not exceed 25 runs.
2.6.2 Energy stuffer cloths. The energy stuffer cloths
shall be made from energy test cloth material and shall consist of
pieces of material that are 12 inches by 12 inches and have been
hemmed to 10 inches by 10 inches before washing. The maximum
shrinkage after five washes shall not be more than four percent on
the length and width. The number of test runs on the same energy
stuffer cloth shall not exceed 25 runs after test cloth
preconditioning.
2.6.3 Test Cloth Preconditioning.
A new test cloth load and energy stuffer cloths shall be treated
as follows:
(1) Bone dry the load to a weight change of ±1 percent, or less,
as prescribed in Section 1.2.
(2) Place test cloth load in a standard clothes washer set at
the maximum water fill level. Wash the load for 10 minutes in soft
water (17 parts per million hardness or less), using 6.0 grams of
AHAM Standard Test Detergent, IIA, per gallon of water. Wash water
temperature is to controlled at 140°±5 °F (60° ±2.7 °C). Rinse
water temperature is to be controlled at 100° ±5 °F (37.7 ±2.7
°C).
(3) Rinse the load again at the same water temperature.
(4) Bone dry the load as prescribed in Section 1.2 and weigh the
load.
(5) This procedure is repeated until there is a weight change of
one percent or less.
(6) A final cycle is to be a hot water wash with no detergent,
followed by two warm water rinses.
2.7 Test loads.
2.7.1 Compact size dryer load. Prepare a bone-dry test
load of energy cloths which weighs 3.00 pounds ±.03 pounds.
Adjustments to the test load to achieve the proper weight can be
made by the use of energy stuffer cloths, with no more than five
stuffer cloths per load. Dampen the load by agitating it in water
whose temperature is 100° ±5 °F and consists of 0 to 17 parts per
million hardness for approximately two minutes in order to saturate
the fabric. Then, extract water from the wet test load by spinning
the load until the moisture content of the load is between 66.5
percent to 73.5 percent of the bone-dry weight of the test
load.
2.7.2 Standard size dryer load. Prepare a bone-dry test
load of energy cloths which weighs 7.00 pounds ±.07 pounds.
Adjustments to the test load to achieve the proper weight can be
made by the use of energy stuffer cloths, with no more than five
stuffer cloths per load. Dampen the load by agitating it in water
whose temperature is 100° ±5 °F and consists of 0 to 17 parts per
million hardness for approximately two minutes in order to saturate
the fabric. Then, extract water from the wet test load by spinning
the load until the moisture content of the load is between 66.5
percent to 73.5 percent of the bone-dry weight of the test
load.
2.7.3 Method of loading. Load the energy test cloths by
grasping them in the center, shaking them to hang loosely and then
dropping them in the dryer at random.
2.8 Clothes dryer preconditioning. Before any test cycle,
operate the dryer without a test load in the non-heat mode for 15
minutes or until the discharge air temperature is varying less than
1 °F for 10 minutes, which ever is longer, in the test installation
location with the ambient conditions within the specified rest
condition tolerances of 2.2.
3. Test Procedures and Measurements
3.1 Drum Capacity. Measure the drum capacity by sealing
all openings in the drum except the loading port with a plastic
bag, and ensure that all corners and depressions are filled and
that there are no extrusions of the plastic bag through any
openings in the interior of the drum. Support the dryer's rear drum
surface on a platform scale to prevent deflection of the dryer, and
record the weight of the empty dryer. Fill the drum with water to a
level determined by the intersection of the door plane and the
loading port (i.e., the uppermost edge of the drum that is
in contact with the door seal). Record the temperature of the water
and then the weight of the dryer with the added water and then
determine the mass of the water in pounds. Add the appropriate
volume to account for any space in the drum interior not measured
by water fill (e.g., the space above the uppermost edge of the drum
within a curved door) and subtract the appropriate volume to
account for space that is measured by water fill but cannot be used
when the door is closed (e.g., space occupied by the door when
closed). The drum capacity is calculated as follows:
C = w/d ±volume adjustment
C = capacity in cubic
feet.
w = mass of water in pounds.
d = density of
water at the measured temperature in pounds per cubic foot.
3.2 Dryer loading. Load the dryer as specified in
2.7.
3.3 Test cycle. Operate the clothes dryer at the maximum
temperature setting and, if equipped with a timer, at the maximum
time setting. Any other optional cycle settings that do not affect
the temperature or time settings shall be tested in the as-shipped
position. If the clothes dryer does not have a separate temperature
setting selection on the control panel, the maximum time setting
should be used for the drying test cycle. Dry the test load until
the moisture content of the test load is between 2.5 percent and
5.0 percent of the bone-dry weight of the test load, but do not
permit the dryer to advance into cool down. If required, reset the
timer or automatic dry control.
3.4 Data recording. Record for each test cycle:
3.4.1 Bone-dry weight of the test load described in 2.7.
3.4.2 Moisture content of the wet test load before the test, as
described in 2.7.
3.4.3 Moisture content of the dry test load obtained after the
test described in 3.3.
3.4.4 Test room conditions, temperature and percent relative
humidity described in 2.2.
3.4.5 For electric dryers - the total kilowatt-hours of electric
energy, Et, consumed during the test described in 3.3.
3.4.6 For gas dryers:
3.4.6.1 Total kilowatt-hours of electrical energy, Ete, consumed
during the test described in 3.3.
3.4.6.2 Cubic feet of gas per cycle, Etg, consumed during the
test described in 3.3.
3.4.6.3 On gas dryers using a continuously burning pilot light -
the cubic feet of gas, Epg, consumed by the gas pilot light in one
hour.
3.4.6.4 Correct the gas heating value, GEF, as measured in
2.3.2.1 and 2.3.2.2, to standard pressure and temperature
conditions in accordance with U.S. Bureau of Standards, circular
C417, 1938. A sample calculation is illustrated in appendix E of
HLD-1.
3.5 Test for automatic termination field use factor
credits. Credit for automatic termination can be claimed for
those dryers which meet the requirements for either
temperature-sensing control, 1.12, or moisture sensing control,
1.13, and having present the appropriate mark or detent feed
defined in 1.11.
4. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
4.1 Total per-cycle electric dryer energy consumption.
Calculate the total electric dryer energy consumption per cycle,
Ece expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:
Ece = [66/
Ww−
Wd)] ×
Ett ×
FU
Et = the energy recorded in 3.4.5. 66 = an experimentally
established value for the percent reduction in the moisture content
of the test load during a laboratory test cycle expressed as a
percent. FU = Field use factor. = 1.18 for time termination control
systems. = 1.04 for automatic control systems which meet the
requirements of the definitions for automatic termination controls
in 1.11.1, 1.12 and 1.13. Ww = the moisture content of the wet test
load as recorded in 3.4.2. Wd = the moisture content of the dry
test load as recorded in 3.4.3.
4.2 Per-cycle gas dryer electrical energy consumption.
Calculate the gas dryer electrical energy consumption per cycle,
Ege, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined
as:
Ege = [
66/(Ww
−Wd)] ×
Ete
× FU
Ete = the energy recorded in 3.4.6.1
FU, 66,
Ww,
Wd as defined in 4.1
4.3 Per-cycle gas dryer gas energy consumption. Calculate
the gas dryer gas energy consumption per cycle, Ege,
expressed in Btu's per cycle as defined as:
Egg = [
66/(Ww
−Wd)] ×
Etg
× FU ×
GEF Etg = the energy recorded in 3.4.6.2
GEF =
corrected gas heat value (Btu per cubic feet) as defined in 3.4.6.4
FU, 66,
Ww
Wd as defined in 4.1
4.4 Per-cycle gas dryer continuously burning pilot light gas
energy consumption. Calculate the gas dryer continuously
burning pilot light gas energy consumption per cycle, Eup
expressed in Btu's per cycle and defined as:
Eup =
Epg × (8760 − 140 / 416) × GEF
Epg = the
energy recorded in 3.4.6.3 8760 = number of hours in a year 416 =
representative average number of clothes dryer cycles in a year 140
= estimated number of hours that the continuously burning pilot
light is on during the operation of the clothes dryer for the
representative average use cycle for clothes dryers (416 cycles per
year)
GEF as defined in 4.3
4.5 Total per-cycle gas dryer gas energy consumption
expressed in Btu's. Calculate the total gas dryer energy
consumption per cycle, Eg, expressed in Btu's per cycle and
defined as:
Eg =
Egg +
Eup
Egg as defined in 4.3
Eup as defined in 4.4
4.6 Total per-cycle gas dryer energy consumption expressed in
kilowatt-hours. Calculate the total gas dryer energy
consumption per cycle, Ecg, expressed in kilowatt-hours per
cycle and defined as:
Ecg +
Ege + (
Eg
/3412 Btu/k Wh)
Ege as defined in 4.2
Eg as defined in 4.5 [46 FR
27326, May 19, 1981, as amended at 76 FR 1032, Jan. 6, 2011; 78 FR
49644, Aug. 14, 2013]