§ 60.5985 May I conduct continuous monitoring or sampling in lieu of stack testing?
(a) In lieu of conducting performance stack tests according to the requirements of § 60.5960 to demonstrate continuous compliance for particulate matter, cadmium, lead, mercury, or hydrogen chloride, you may install, calibrate, maintain, and operate continuous emissions monitoring systems for monitoring emissions according to the requirements of § 60.5905 through § 60.5955. If you elect to continuously monitor emissions instead of conducting performance testing, you are not required to complete annual performance testing as specified in Table 4 to Subpart VVVV. If you elect to continuously monitor particulate matter emissions, you are not required to continuously monitor opacity as specified in § 60.5905(d) and § 60.5945.
(b) If you elect to continuously monitor particulate matter, cadmium, lead, mercury, or hydrogen chloride, you must also meet the following requirements:
(1) Notify the Administrator one month before starting use of the system.
(2) Notify the Administrator one month before stopping use of the system.
(c) If you elect to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous emission monitoring system for cadmium, lead, mercury, or hydrogen chloride, develop and submit for approval by EPA, a site-specific mercury, cadmium, lead, or hydrogen chloride monitoring plan that addresses the elements and requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (7) of this section.
(1) Installation of the continuous emission monitoring system sampling probe or other interface at a measurement location relative to each municipal waste combustor such that the measurement is representative of control of the exhaust emissions (e.g., on or downstream of the last control device).
(2) Performance and equipment specifications for the sample interface, the pollutant concentration analyzer, and the data collection and reduction system.
(3) Performance evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria (e.g., calibrations).
(4) Provisions for periods when the continuous emission monitoring system is out of control, including the requirements described in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) A continuous emission monitoring system is out of control if either of the following conditions are met: the zero (low-level), mid-level (if applicable), or high-level calibration drift exceeds two times the applicable calibration drift specification in the applicable performance specification or in the relevant standard; or the continuous emission monitoring system fails a performance test audit (e.g., cylinder gas audit), relative accuracy audit, relative accuracy test audit, or linearity test audit.
(ii) When the continuous emission monitoring system is out of control, you must take corrective action and repeat all necessary tests that indicate that the system is out of control until the performance requirements are within the applicable limits. The beginning of the out-of-control period is the hour you conduct a performance check (e.g., calibration drift) that indicates an exceedance of the performance requirements established under this part. The end of the out-of-control period is the hour following the completion of corrective action and your successful demonstration that the system is within the allowable limits. You may not use recorded data from the period the continuous emission monitoring system is out of control in data averages and calculations or to meet any data availability requirements.
(iii) You must submit all information concerning out-of-control periods for your continuous emission monitoring system, including start and end dates and hours and descriptions of corrective actions taken, in the annual or semiannual compliance reports required in § 60.6105(d).
(5) Ongoing data quality assurance procedures for continuous emission monitoring systems as described in paragraphs (c)(5)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) A continuous emission monitoring system quality control program. You must develop and submit to EPA for approval, upon request, a site-specific performance evaluation test plan for the continuous emission monitoring system performance evaluation required under paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of this section. In addition, each quality control program shall include, at a minimum, a written protocol that describes procedures for each of the operations described in paragraphs (c)(5)(i)(A) through (c)(5)(i)(F) of this section.
(A) Initial and any subsequent calibration of the continuous emission monitoring system;
(B) Determination and adjustment of the calibration drift of the continuous emission monitoring system;
(C) Preventive maintenance of the continuous emission monitoring system, including spare parts inventory;
(D) Data recording, calculations, and reporting;
(E) Accuracy audit procedures, including sampling and analysis methods; and
(F) Program of corrective action for a malfunctioning continuous emission monitoring system.
(ii) Your performance evaluation test plan must include the evaluation program objectives, an evaluation program summary, the performance evaluation schedule, data quality objectives, and both an internal and external quality assurance program. Data quality objectives are the pre-evaluation expectations of precision, accuracy, and completeness of data. The internal quality assurance program must include, at a minimum, the activities planned by routine operators and analysts to provide an assessment of continuous emission monitoring system performance, for example, plans for relative accuracy testing using the appropriate reference method in § 60.5920(c). The external quality assurance program shall include, at a minimum, systems audits that include the opportunity for on-site evaluation by the Administrator of instrument calibration, data validation, sample logging, and documentation of quality control data and field maintenance activities.
(6) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each continuous emission monitoring system in accordance with the site-specific monitoring plan.
(7) You must operate and maintain the continuous emission monitoring system in continuous operation according to the site-specific monitoring plan and procedures 5 and 6 of appendix F of this part.
(d) You may use a continuous emission monitoring system for mercury or hydrogen chloride following the date of approval of the site-specific monitoring plan required in paragraph (c) of this section. You may use a continuous emission monitoring system for cadmium or lead following the date a final performance specification applicable to a cadmium or lead monitor is published in the Federal Register and the date of approval of the site-specific monitoring plan required in paragraph (c) of this section.
(e) In lieu of conducting performance stack tests according to the requirements of § 60.5960 to demonstrate continuous compliance for mercury or dioxins/furans, you may install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous automated sampling system for monitoring mercury or dioxins/furans emissions and record the output of the system. For dioxins/furans emissions, you must also analyze the sample using EPA Method 23.
(f) You may use a continuous automated sampling system for dioxins/furans following the date a final performance specification applicable to dioxins/furans from monitors is published in the Federal Register or the date of approval of a site-specific monitoring plan.
(g) If you elect to use a continuous automated sampling system for dioxins/furans or mercury, you must meet the following requirements:
(1) Notify the Administrator one month before starting use of the system.
(2) Notify the Administrator one month before stopping use of the system.
(3) Complete your initial performance evaluation of the continuous automated sampling system no later than 180 days after the date of initial startup of your municipal waste combustor, as specified under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part, or, if you previously determined compliance by conducting a performance test, within 180 days of notification to the Administrator of use of the continuous automated sampling system, whichever is later.
(4) You may request that compliance with the emission limits be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility shall be established as specified in § 60.5930.
(5) Conduct an initial performance test for emissions as required under § 60.8 of subpart A of this part. Determine compliance with the emission limits in Table 2 to Subpart VVVV using the continuous automated sampling system specified in paragraph (e) of this section to collect integrated samples and analyze emissions for the following time periods:
(i) For dioxins/furans, collect an integrated sample over each 2-week period. Analyze the collected samples using Method 23.
(ii) For mercury, collect an integrated sample over each 24-hour daily period. Analyze the sample according to the applicable final performance specification or the approved site-specific monitoring plan required by paragraph (h) of this section.
(6) Determine compliance with the emission limits in Table 2 to Subpart VVVV based on 2-week emission concentrations for dioxins/furans and on the 24-hour daily emission concentrations for mercury using samples collected at the system outlet. For mercury percent reductions, also use the corresponding 24-hour daily emission concentration samples collected at the system inlet. The emission concentrations shall be expressed in nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (total mass) for dioxins/furans and micrograms per dry standard cubic meter for mercury, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis). Do not correct CEMS data during warmup, startup, and shutdown to 7 percent oxygen. CEMs data during warmup, startup, and shutdown are used as measured.
(7) Beginning on the date two years after the final performance specification for continuous automated sampling systems for dioxins/furans is published in the Federal Register or on the date two years after approval of a site-specific monitoring plan, you must operate your continuous automated sampling system and collect emissions for all times that your municipal waste combustor is operating.
(8) Use all valid data in calculating emission concentrations.
(9) For mercury, operate the continuous automated sampling system according to Performance Specification 12B in appendix B of this part or, for mercury or dioxins/furans, the approved site-specific monitoring plan.
(10) If you elect to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous automated sampling system for dioxins/furans or mercury, develop and implement a site-specific monitoring plan as specified in paragraph (h) of this section. If you rely on a performance specification, you may refer to that document in addressing the applicable procedures and criteria. For mercury, you must incorporate procedure 5 of appendix F to this part into the site-specific monitoring plan.
(11) When you are unable to obtain emissions data because of continuous automated sampling system breakdowns, repairs, quality assurance checks, or adjustments, you must obtain parametric monitoring data by using other monitoring systems as approved by EPA.
(h) If you elect to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous automated sampling system for dioxins/furans or mercury, develop and submit for approval by EPA a site-specific monitoring plan that has sufficient detail to assure the validity of the continuous automated sampling system data and that addresses the elements and requirements in paragraphs (h)(1) through (7) of this section.
(1) Installation of the continuous automated sampling system sampling probe or other interface at a measurement location relative to each municipal waste combustor such that the measurement is representative of control of the exhaust emissions (e.g., on or downstream of the last control device).
(2) Performance and equipment specifications for the sample interface, the pollutant concentration analytical method, and the data collection system.
(3) Performance evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria.
(4) Provisions for periods when the continuous automated sampling system is malfunctioning or is out of control, including the requirements described in paragraphs (h)(4)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The site-specific monitoring plan must identify criteria for determining that the continuous automated sampling system is out of control, including periods when the sampling system is not collecting a representative sample or is malfunctioning, or when the analytical method does not meet site-specific quality criteria established in paragraph (h)(5) of this section.
(ii) When the continuous automated sampling system is out of control, take corrective action and repeat all necessary tests that indicate that the system is out of control until the performance requirements are within the applicable limits. The out-of-control period includes all hours that the sampling system was not collecting a representative sample or was malfunctioning, or hours represented by a sample for which the analysis did not meet the relevant quality criteria. You may not use emissions data from the period the continuous automated sampling system is out-of-control period to determine compliance with the emission limits or to meet any data availability requirements.
(iii) You must submit all information concerning out-of-control periods for your continuous automated sampling system, including start and end dates and hours, estimates of emissions during the out-of-control period and the basis of the estimate, and descriptions of corrective actions taken, in the annual or semiannual compliance reports required in § 60.6105(d).
(5) Ongoing data quality assurance procedures for continuous automated sampling systems as described in paragraphs (h)(5)(i) and (ii) of this section.
(i) A continuous automated sampling system and analysis quality control program. You must develop and submit to EPA for approval, upon request, a site-specific performance evaluation test plan for the continuous automated sampling system performance evaluation required in paragraph (h)(5)(ii) of this section. In addition, each quality control program shall include, at a minimum, a written protocol that describes procedures for each of the operations described in paragraphs (h)(5)(i)(A) through (G) of this section.
(A) Correct placement, installation of the continuous automated sampling system such that the system is collecting a representative sample of gas;
(B) Initial and subsequent calibration of flow such that the sample collection rate of the continuous automated sampling system is known and verifiable;
(C) Procedures to assure representative (e.g., proportional or isokinetic) sampling;
(D) Preventive maintenance of the continuous automated sampling system, including spare parts inventory and procedures for cleaning equipment, replacing sample collection media, or other servicing at the end of each sample collection period;
(E) Data recording and reporting, including an automated indicator and recording device to show when the continuous automated monitoring system is operating and collecting data and when it is not collecting data;
(F) Accuracy audit procedures for analytical methods; and
(G) Program of corrective action for a malfunctioning continuous automated sampling system.
(ii) Your performance evaluation test plan must include the evaluation program objectives, an evaluation program summary, the performance evaluation schedule, data quality objectives, and both an internal and external quality assurance program. Data quality objectives are the pre-evaluation expectations of precision, accuracy, and completeness of data. The internal quality assurance program shall include, at a minimum, the activities planned by routine operators and analysts to provide an assessment of continuous automated sampling system performance, for example, plans for relative accuracy testing using the appropriate reference method in paragraph (g)(3) of this section, and an assessment of quality of analysis results. The external quality assurance program shall include, at a minimum, systems audits that include the opportunity for on-site evaluation by the Administrator of instrument calibration, data validation, sample logging, and documentation of quality control data and field maintenance activities.
(6) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each continuous automated sampling system in accordance with the site-specific monitoring plan.
(7) You must operate and maintain the continuous automated sampling system in continuous operation according to the site-specific monitoring plan.